OPTION PUT CALL RATIO

PUT CALL RATIO

 Put Call Ratio is one of the most common technical indicators used by investors and traders. Why? Well, it is designed to quantify investor sentiment, which many market technicians believe is the primary factor in market turns and trends.

It is calculated using the activity of options buyers, who are focused on anticipating moves within a certain time period. The most common method of measuring the Put Call Ratio is to divide the number of put contracts by the number of call contracts traded during a set time period. Investors buying puts are anticipating lower prices, while call buyers expect the market to rally.

This ratio tells us about the level of bullishness or bearishness in the market. PC ratio can be used in two ways, either the direct way or the contrarian way. For the direct way, you simply follow the ratio and flow with the tide, and for the contrarian way when bullishness is high then downside risk is also high so you take a contrarian view and sell or vice versa. It can act as a preventive measure against sentiments which often lead to buying when the market is high and selling when it is low.

PC ratio goes well with overbought and over sold indicators. A low PC ratio, generally below one, reflects a bullish sentiment and vice versa. It can be based either on open interest or volumes. PC ratio on volumes indicates the sentiment on that particular day while PC ratio on open interest (PCR-OI) gives a carry forward view.

Open interest is the total number of options and/or futures contracts that have not yet been exercised, expired or fulfilled by delivery on a particular day. PCR-OI is mainly used to gauge the sentiment for the coming trading sessions.

Theoretically, if one buys a put option then he is bearish on the underlying and one who buys a call option is bullish on the same. This theory works very well in matured markets where options turnover as well as open interest is significantly high. So there, one can form a conclusion that if PCR-OI is high then market participants are expecting underlying to correct and vice-versa. However, PCR-OI is not seen in isolation, it is seen with price movement. For example, if underlying after moving up has become range-bound and then you see that PCR-OI of that underlying is increasing then one may say that participants are expecting correction and vice-versa.

BOOK PROFIT IN DLF SHORT STRANGLE

BOOK PROFIT IN DLF SHORT STRANGLE STRATEGY

BUY DLF 220 CALL @ 2(SOLD @ 5.70)

BUY DLF 200 PUT @ 4.5(SOLD @ 4.70)

NET PROFIT 10400-6500= 3900

STRATEGY GIVEN ON 3 APR 2012- http://optioncallputtradingtips.blogspot.in/2012/04/dlf-short-strangle-strategy.html

OPTION VALUATION

OPTION CALL PUT VALUATION

Understanding Option pricing and valuation is very necessary before u start trading in this highly profitable segment .

If you just blindly start trading stock options without having at least a basic understanding of stock option valuation and why options behave the way they do, then you're going to be in trouble and possibly lose a great deal of money.

The value of an option is determined by its chance to be exercised with profit on the expiry day. This consists of two parts: the real value and the time value. The real value is the value that is possible to ‘touch’. A call option has a real value if the underlying stock’s price exceeds the option’s strike price. For put options it is the other way around, in that they have real value if the strike price instead exceeds the value of the stock. Conversely the time value is the value of the possibility that good news will occur during the time to maturity in order for an option to have a real value on the expiry day. Time value changes during the maturity period and will always be zero on the expiry day. Options that have a real value are said to be ‘in the money’ and are called plus options by professionals, while options that completely miss real value are ‘out-of-the-money’ and are referred to as minus options. Options where the strike price and stock price corresponds are ‘at-the-money’ and are called pari options.

The value of the option can be estimated with a mathematical formula named Black & Scholes after its inventors. In the formula the price is calculated as a function of the underlying stock value, the strike price, the time to maturity and the level of the risk free interest rate, among others. All terms in the equation can be determined relatively easy except one: the stock’s volatility. The risk measure that is interesting when one deals with options is the so called ‘implied volatility’, which contains the premium that the market has set on the option. Contrary to historical volatility, implied volatility measures the market’s expectations on the future changes in the stock price. This is crucial, as it is when an investor has a different opinion to the general market about the future risk of a stock that it becomes possible to enter and make money from an option, since its premium then will be different than what it ‘should’ be. 

There are a large number of strategies that one can use in order to profit from the possibilities of options. Learning the differences and advantages between different options is critical to success, as options can appear superficially similar. It is seldom enough just to look at the option’s premium and the strike price. Real professionals also look at how sensitive the options are for the market climate. By using Black & Scholes’ formula one can derive several important sensitivity measures – commonly mentioned as ‘the Greeks’ since they have been provided with Greek letters – that can clearly tell how an option will react from different market conditions.

OPTION CHAIN

UNDERSTANDING NIFTY OPTION 


CHAIN


Many traders want to trade in options, but they find it difficult to chose between various strike price. Even if you are clear about whether you want to buy a call or put it seems difficult to select which one. Here we attempt to explain Option chain so that you can decide upon strike price.
To trade in options, we need to have following information with us
 a)    Underlying Security
b)    Option Type – CALL or PUT
c)     Contract Expiry
d)    Strike price
 Once you have all above information, you have unique identifier of the option contract that you can buy or sell in the market.
 On NSE homepage, there is link called Option Chain.  Option chain lists the available option contracts of an underlying security that are currently traded in the market.
The information is presented in tabular form as given below. If you are new to options trading then you will be confused with the amount of information present here.




Let’s look the pieces of this jig-saw puzzle in parts and understand them.
 The table below can be logically divided in two parts. Left part of table has information related to CALL options and right part of table has information about PUT options.
In the center, we have various strike prices for option contract arranged in ascending order.
 Expiry Date – This is the option contract’s expiry date. Various contract expiry that are traded in the market currently are listed here.
Open Interest - Number of open positions for a particular strike price.
LTP = Last traded price
Net Change – % change in the price at which a particular option is traded in market last, with respect to the closing price of previous trading day.
Volume – Number of contracts traded today
Bid Quantity – Quantity given in the last open buy order for this particular strike price.
Bid Price – Price given in the last open buy order for this particular strike price.
Offer Price – Price given in the last open Sell order for this particular strike price.
Offer Quantity – Quantity given in the last open Sell order for this particular strike price.
In other words, bid price indicate the price that buyers is wiling to pay to buy the option contract, and Offer price  indicates the price at which seller is willing to sell.
You can click on Quote link on a particular row to get the more details.
You might notice that part of the table has cells with coloured background. These cells indicate that those particular strikes are In-The-Money. The cells with white background are for Out-of The-Money strikes.