What is the difference between options and futures?

The main fundamental difference between options and futures lies in the obligations they put on their buyers and sellers. An option gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation to buy (or sell) a certain asset at a specific price at any time during the life of the contract. A futures contract gives the buyer the obligation to purchase a specific asset, and the seller to sell and deliver that asset at a specific future date, unless the holder's position is closed prior to expiration.
Another key difference between options and futures is the size of the underlying position. Generally, the underlying position is much larger for futures contracts, and the obligation to buy or sell this certain amount at a given price makes futures more risky for the inexperienced investor.

The difference between futures and options as financial instruments depict different profit pictures for parties. The gain in the option trading can be obtained in certain different manners. On the contrary, the gain in the future trading is automatically linked to the daily fluctuations in the market. This is to say that the value of profit positions for investors is dependent upon the market position at the close of the trading every day. Therefore, every investor should have a prior knowledge of both futures and options before they enter the financial market operations.

1. A future is a contract which is governed by a pre-determined price for selling and buying at a future period. In options, there is the right to sell or purchase of underlying assets without any obligation.
2. A future trading has open risk. The risk in option is limited.
3. The size of the underlying stock is usually huge in future trading. Option trading is of normal size.
4. Futures need no advance payment. Options have the advance payment system of premiums

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Hedging

Hedging is the practice of purchasing and holding securities specifically to reduce portfolio risk. These securities are intended to move in a different direction than the remainder of the portfolio - for example, appreciating when other investments decline. A put option on a stock or index is the classic hedging instrument Options are a great way to hedge against your existing positions to decrease risk
When properly done, hedging significantly reduces the uncertainty and the amount of capital at risk in an investment, without significantly reducing the potential rate of return.
Hedging is what separates a professional from an amateur trader. Hedging is the reason why so many professionals are able to survive and profit from stock and option trading for decades
Downside Risk
The pricing of hedging instruments is related to the potential downside risk in the underlying security. As a rule, the more downside risk the purchaser of the hedge seeks to transfer to the seller, the more expensive the hedge will be.
Spread Hedging
Index investors are often more concerned with hedging against moderate price declines than severe declines, as these type of price drops are both very unpredictable and relatively common.
The Bottom Line
Hedging can be viewed as the transfer of unacceptable risk from a portfolio manager to an insurer. This makes the process a two-step approach

  

Option Delta

Delta is probably the first Greek an option trader learns and is focused on. The ratio comparing the change in the price of the underlying asset to the corresponding change in the price of a derivative
In fact it can be a critical starting point when learning to trade options. A positive delta means the position will rise in value if the stock rises and drop in value of the stock declines. A negative delta means the opposite. The value of the position will rise if the stock declines and drop in value if the stock rises in price. Delta is one of four major risk measures used by option traders. Delta measures the degree to which an option is exposed to shifts in the price of the underlying asset. Delta tends to increase as you get closer to expiration for near or at-the-money options. Delta is not a constant

Call Options

Whenever you are long a call option, your delta will always be a positive number between 0 and When the underlying stock or futures contract increases in price, the value of your call option will also increase by the call options delta value.

Put Options

Put options have negative deltas, which will range between -1 and 0. When the underlying market price increases the value of your put option will decreases by the amount of the delta value. Conversely, when the price of the underlying asset decreases, the value of the put option will increase by the amount of the delta value.

 

 

How to Trade Nifty Options in Bearish Markets

Trading Nifty options in bearish market, in bearish people traders say they lose money but fact is bearish markets offer best money making opportunity as panic is higher in these markets so markets react fast. In case of bearish market you always look for selling opportunities or selling signals in technical indicator. We are talking about nifty option so we will be buying out of money put options if time of expiry is greater than 15 days, or else we will go with at the money or in the money put option. After selecting the type of put option now we will completely focus on the price action of the underlying i.e. nifty future and wait for pullback to buy that nifty put option. Target will be 50% of the total premium paid while purchasing put option and stop loss will be 25% of the total premium. In trading nifty options always remember a golden rule that you will never risk more than 10% of your total trading capital at any point of time.
Also it’s very dangerous to trade Nifty Options without proper guidance & knowhow. So, why don’t you leave the dangers to us and take yourself the most lucrative profit margin in the stock market.

How to Trade Options in Bear Market

A bear market is defined as a drop of 20% or more in a market average over a one-year period, measured from the closing low to the closing high. Generally, these market types occur during economic recessions or depressions, when pessimism prevails .Bear markets reflect slowing economic growth and corporate financial problems. Fearful traders panic and dump their holdings at a loss, which pushes stock prices down further and ignites a fresh round of selling. Investors can use several bear-option strategies to profit from a market-wide selling frenzy

Step 1

Buying put options is a straightforward bear strategy with low risk/high reward potential. The goal is for the stock price to drop below the put option strike price so the option is in the money prior to expiration. The amount of risk is limited to the option price plus the commission.

Step 2

Reasons Why Sensex, Nifty are Sinking

1. Lower-than-expected GDP data
one of the main reasons behind today's sharp fall in Sensex was the lower-than-expected GDP growth figure.
Data released by the Central Statistics Office ( CSO) on Monday showed the Indian economy grew by 7% in the June quarter, slower than the previous quarter's 7.5% expansion. Growth in the June quarter of 2014-15 was 6.7%.
While the 7% growth rate matches the June quarter growth of China and still places India in the league of fastest growing economies in the world, economists said more measures are needed to step up the acceleration.
2. Foreign investors sell record amount of Indian shares in August
Foreign investors sold a record amount of Indian shares in August, offloading even more than in the midst of the global financial crisis, as turbulent markets in China led many funds to reduce their holdings in riskier emerging markets.
Foreign institutional investors sold a net 168.77 billion rupees ($2.55 billion) in Indian shares in August, more than the previous monthly record of 153.47 billion rupees in October 2008, according to data from National Securities Depository Limited.
The sales helped push the Nifty down 6.6 per cent in August, its worst monthly performance since November 2011.
Analysts said the sales were largely a result of the overweight positions in India by foreign investors, who have been heavy buyers since 2012.
Foreign investors had been net buyers as early as July when India was seen as benefiting from outflows from China. They remain net buyers of 275.2 billion rupees this year.
3. Rate cut by HDFC
Banking and financial stocks led the decline after reports of HDFC Bank's steep base rate cut on Monday sparked fears that other lenders will be able to match it only at the cost of margins.
HDFC Bank cut its base rate by 35 basis points to 9.35 per cent from September 1 in a move to capture wider market share, according to media reports on Monday.
The move stoked fears that pricing pressure would lead to other banks taking a hit on their net interest margins as most banks would have a base rate of 35-65 basis points higher than that of HDFC Bank.

HDIL OPTION STRATEGY

Buy HDIL 70 CALL @ 3

Buy HDIL 50 PUT @ 2.2

COST=5.2

TOTAL RISK  = 10400

RETURN = UNLIMITED

UPPER BREAK GIVEN POINT=75.2

LOWER BREAK GIVEN POINT=44.8

Pay off table:

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Long Call Butterfly

Long Call Butterfly is one of the sideway strategies employed in a low volatile stock. It usually involves buying one lower strike call, selling two middle strike calls and buying one higher strike call options of the same expiration date. Typically the distance between each strike prices are equal for this strategy.

Combining two short calls at a middle strike and one long call each at a lower and upper strike creates a long call butterfly. The upper and lower strikes (wings) must both be equidistant from the middle strike (body), and all the options must have the same expiration date.

You may also execute the Long Butterfly strategy using all puts options. When all puts options are used, it is referred to as the Long Put Butterfly strategy. As to whether a butterfly strategy should be executed using all calls or all put options depend on the relative price of the option. The premium of both puts and calls option should be taken into consideration to achieve the optimum trade

Market Outlook

 Neutral around Strike

Summary

This strategy generally profits if the underlying stock is at the body of the butterfly at expiration.

Breakeven:

· Upside Breakeven = Higher Strike less Net Premium Paid

· Downside Breakeven = Lower Strike add Net Premium Paid.

Advantages and Disadvantages

 

Advantages:

·         Ability to make profit from a range bound stock with relatively lower cost outlay.

·         Limited risk exposure compare to Short Straddle strategy when the underlying stock moved beyond the breakeven point on expiration date.

Disadvantages:

·         The profit potential only come from the narrow range between the 2 wing strikes.

·         Bid/Ask spread from the various option legs may adversely affect the profit potential of the strategy