How Option Delta and Gamma Influence Each Other

How Option Delta and Gamma Influence Each Other
As the market has been very volatile lately. Stocks have been moving in sometimes dramatic on a daily basis so it might be wise to review how option prices change when the underlying changes. The option “greeks” help explain how and why option prices move. Option delta and option gamma are especially important because they can determine how movements in the stock can affect an option’s price.
Option Gamma
The gamma of an option indicates how the delta of an option will change relative to a 1 point move in the underlying asset. In other words, the Gamma shows the option delta's sensitivity to market price changes.
Gamma is important because it shows us how fast our position delta will change as the market price of the underlying asset changes. When you are "long gamma", your position will become "longer" as the price of the underlying asset increases and "shorter" as the underlying price decreases. If you sell options, and are therefore "short gamma", your position will become shorter as the underlying price increases and longer as the underlying decreases.
Option Delta
The delta of an option is the sensitivity of an option price relative to changes in the price of the underlying asset. It tells option traders how fast the price of the option will change as the underlying stock/future moves.
Call Options
Whenever you are long a call option, your delta will always be a positive number between 0 and 1. When the underlying stock or futures contract increases in price, the value of your call option will also increase by the call options delta value. Conversely, when the underlying market price decreases the value of your call option will also decrease by the amount of the delta.
Put Options
Put options have negative deltas, which will range between -1 and 0. When the underlying market price increases the value of your put option will decreases by the amount of the delta value. Conversely, when the price of the underlying asset decreases, the value of the put option will increase by the amount of the delta value.
Option delta and option gamma are critical for option traders to understand particularly how they can affect each other and the position. A couple of the key components to analyze are if the strike prices are ATM, ITM or OTM and how much time there is left until expiration. An option trader can think of option delta as the rate of speed for the position and option gamma as how quickly it gets there.

 

 

 

 

LT BUTTERFLY STRATEGY FOR OCTOBER'2015

BUY 1 LOT LT 1400 CALL @ 101

 BUY 1 LOT LT 1500 CALL @ 43

SELL 2 LOTS LT 1450 CALL @69

Total risk=750

Upper break given point=1550

Lower break given point=1350

PAY OFF TABLE:

DLF STRANGLE STRATEGY

BUY DLF 140 CALL @3.3

BUY DLF 110 PUT @   2.7

COST=6

TOTAL RISK  = 12000

RETURN = UNLIMITED

UPPER BREAK GIVEN POINT=146

LOWER BREAK GIVEN POINT=104

Pay off table:

What Is Options Settlement In The First Place?

Settlement in options trading is the process where the terms of an options contract are resolved between the holder and the writer. In options trading, the holder is the one who owns an options contract and a writer is the person who sold the holder that options contract. Settlement  in call options contracts involve the holders of the options contracts paying the writers for the underlying asset at the strike price. Settlement in put options contracts involves the holder of the options contract selling the underlying asset to the writer at the strike price. After settlement, the options contract will cease to exist and all obligations between the holder and the writer would be resolved.

Settlement can happen under 2 circumstances; Voluntary exercise by the holder or automatic exercise upon expiration.
The holder of an American Style Option could choose to voluntarily exercise their options any time prior to expiration. Once that happens, settlement takes place between the holder and the writer and the options contract is resolved.

What the Option Market Can Tell You about that Stock You Love

For an investor who understands how to read the option market’s tea leaves, investing becomes like playing poker with an opponent who always holds his hand face up. This might seem too good to be true, but in fact, option prices contain within them the market’s consensus estimates for the future price of a stock. If you know where to look, you can easily decide if the market’s consensus price for a stock is near or far from your own idea of its value. Value investors who revel in finding differences between stock prices and intrinsic values will love what the option market can tell them about future expectations for stocks.

What Option Can Tell an Intelligent Investor?
Option pricing models are, first and foremost, statistical models of how stocks are likely to move in the future. The option pricing bit is almost an afterthought once the hard work of stock price forecasting is done. all option pricing models under the general term “Black-Scholes Model” or “BSM.” All subsequent models are basically tweaks of the BSM, in fact.) For all the mathematical complexity people associate with option pricing, it’s actually a pretty blunt tool. It’s based on a few, almost laughably simple assumptions:
1.       The market is “efficient”, so a stock’s market price represents its true value.
2.      Stock prices drift upward at the same rate as the rate of return for risk-free bonds.
3.      New positive and negative information relevant to the stock’s price comes in randomly, so the stock is as likely to go up as it is to go down.
4.      Stock returns follow a bell curve distribution.

 

HOW TO BUY OPTIONS

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Puts, calls, strike price, in-the-money, out-of-the-money — buying and selling stock options isn't just new territory for many investors, it's a whole new language.
Options are often seen as fast-moving, fast-money trades. Certainly options can be aggressive plays; they're volatile, levered and speculative. Options and other derivative securities have made fortunes and ruined them. Options are sharp tools, and you need to know how to use them without abusing them.
Stock options give you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell shares at a set dollar amount the "strike price" before a specific expiration date. When a "call" option hits its strike price, the stock can be called away. Conversely, with a "put" option the shares can be sold, or "put," to someone else. The value of puts and calls depends on the direction you think a stock or the market is heading. Stated simply, calls are bullish; puts are bearish.

What is the difference between options and futures?

The main fundamental difference between options and futures lies in the obligations they put on their buyers and sellers. An option gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation to buy (or sell) a certain asset at a specific price at any time during the life of the contract. A futures contract gives the buyer the obligation to purchase a specific asset, and the seller to sell and deliver that asset at a specific future date, unless the holder's position is closed prior to expiration.
Another key difference between options and futures is the size of the underlying position. Generally, the underlying position is much larger for futures contracts, and the obligation to buy or sell this certain amount at a given price makes futures more risky for the inexperienced investor.

The difference between futures and options as financial instruments depict different profit pictures for parties. The gain in the option trading can be obtained in certain different manners. On the contrary, the gain in the future trading is automatically linked to the daily fluctuations in the market. This is to say that the value of profit positions for investors is dependent upon the market position at the close of the trading every day. Therefore, every investor should have a prior knowledge of both futures and options before they enter the financial market operations.

1. A future is a contract which is governed by a pre-determined price for selling and buying at a future period. In options, there is the right to sell or purchase of underlying assets without any obligation.
2. A future trading has open risk. The risk in option is limited.
3. The size of the underlying stock is usually huge in future trading. Option trading is of normal size.
4. Futures need no advance payment. Options have the advance payment system of premiums

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Hedging

Hedging is the practice of purchasing and holding securities specifically to reduce portfolio risk. These securities are intended to move in a different direction than the remainder of the portfolio - for example, appreciating when other investments decline. A put option on a stock or index is the classic hedging instrument Options are a great way to hedge against your existing positions to decrease risk
When properly done, hedging significantly reduces the uncertainty and the amount of capital at risk in an investment, without significantly reducing the potential rate of return.
Hedging is what separates a professional from an amateur trader. Hedging is the reason why so many professionals are able to survive and profit from stock and option trading for decades
Downside Risk
The pricing of hedging instruments is related to the potential downside risk in the underlying security. As a rule, the more downside risk the purchaser of the hedge seeks to transfer to the seller, the more expensive the hedge will be.
Spread Hedging
Index investors are often more concerned with hedging against moderate price declines than severe declines, as these type of price drops are both very unpredictable and relatively common.
The Bottom Line
Hedging can be viewed as the transfer of unacceptable risk from a portfolio manager to an insurer. This makes the process a two-step approach

  

Option Delta

Delta is probably the first Greek an option trader learns and is focused on. The ratio comparing the change in the price of the underlying asset to the corresponding change in the price of a derivative
In fact it can be a critical starting point when learning to trade options. A positive delta means the position will rise in value if the stock rises and drop in value of the stock declines. A negative delta means the opposite. The value of the position will rise if the stock declines and drop in value if the stock rises in price. Delta is one of four major risk measures used by option traders. Delta measures the degree to which an option is exposed to shifts in the price of the underlying asset. Delta tends to increase as you get closer to expiration for near or at-the-money options. Delta is not a constant

Call Options

Whenever you are long a call option, your delta will always be a positive number between 0 and When the underlying stock or futures contract increases in price, the value of your call option will also increase by the call options delta value.

Put Options

Put options have negative deltas, which will range between -1 and 0. When the underlying market price increases the value of your put option will decreases by the amount of the delta value. Conversely, when the price of the underlying asset decreases, the value of the put option will increase by the amount of the delta value.

 

 

How to Trade Nifty Options in Bearish Markets

Trading Nifty options in bearish market, in bearish people traders say they lose money but fact is bearish markets offer best money making opportunity as panic is higher in these markets so markets react fast. In case of bearish market you always look for selling opportunities or selling signals in technical indicator. We are talking about nifty option so we will be buying out of money put options if time of expiry is greater than 15 days, or else we will go with at the money or in the money put option. After selecting the type of put option now we will completely focus on the price action of the underlying i.e. nifty future and wait for pullback to buy that nifty put option. Target will be 50% of the total premium paid while purchasing put option and stop loss will be 25% of the total premium. In trading nifty options always remember a golden rule that you will never risk more than 10% of your total trading capital at any point of time.
Also it’s very dangerous to trade Nifty Options without proper guidance & knowhow. So, why don’t you leave the dangers to us and take yourself the most lucrative profit margin in the stock market.

How to Trade Options in Bear Market

A bear market is defined as a drop of 20% or more in a market average over a one-year period, measured from the closing low to the closing high. Generally, these market types occur during economic recessions or depressions, when pessimism prevails .Bear markets reflect slowing economic growth and corporate financial problems. Fearful traders panic and dump their holdings at a loss, which pushes stock prices down further and ignites a fresh round of selling. Investors can use several bear-option strategies to profit from a market-wide selling frenzy

Step 1

Buying put options is a straightforward bear strategy with low risk/high reward potential. The goal is for the stock price to drop below the put option strike price so the option is in the money prior to expiration. The amount of risk is limited to the option price plus the commission.

Step 2

Reasons Why Sensex, Nifty are Sinking

1. Lower-than-expected GDP data
one of the main reasons behind today's sharp fall in Sensex was the lower-than-expected GDP growth figure.
Data released by the Central Statistics Office ( CSO) on Monday showed the Indian economy grew by 7% in the June quarter, slower than the previous quarter's 7.5% expansion. Growth in the June quarter of 2014-15 was 6.7%.
While the 7% growth rate matches the June quarter growth of China and still places India in the league of fastest growing economies in the world, economists said more measures are needed to step up the acceleration.
2. Foreign investors sell record amount of Indian shares in August
Foreign investors sold a record amount of Indian shares in August, offloading even more than in the midst of the global financial crisis, as turbulent markets in China led many funds to reduce their holdings in riskier emerging markets.
Foreign institutional investors sold a net 168.77 billion rupees ($2.55 billion) in Indian shares in August, more than the previous monthly record of 153.47 billion rupees in October 2008, according to data from National Securities Depository Limited.
The sales helped push the Nifty down 6.6 per cent in August, its worst monthly performance since November 2011.
Analysts said the sales were largely a result of the overweight positions in India by foreign investors, who have been heavy buyers since 2012.
Foreign investors had been net buyers as early as July when India was seen as benefiting from outflows from China. They remain net buyers of 275.2 billion rupees this year.
3. Rate cut by HDFC
Banking and financial stocks led the decline after reports of HDFC Bank's steep base rate cut on Monday sparked fears that other lenders will be able to match it only at the cost of margins.
HDFC Bank cut its base rate by 35 basis points to 9.35 per cent from September 1 in a move to capture wider market share, according to media reports on Monday.
The move stoked fears that pricing pressure would lead to other banks taking a hit on their net interest margins as most banks would have a base rate of 35-65 basis points higher than that of HDFC Bank.

HDIL OPTION STRATEGY

Buy HDIL 70 CALL @ 3

Buy HDIL 50 PUT @ 2.2

COST=5.2

TOTAL RISK  = 10400

RETURN = UNLIMITED

UPPER BREAK GIVEN POINT=75.2

LOWER BREAK GIVEN POINT=44.8

Pay off table:

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Long Call Butterfly

Long Call Butterfly is one of the sideway strategies employed in a low volatile stock. It usually involves buying one lower strike call, selling two middle strike calls and buying one higher strike call options of the same expiration date. Typically the distance between each strike prices are equal for this strategy.

Combining two short calls at a middle strike and one long call each at a lower and upper strike creates a long call butterfly. The upper and lower strikes (wings) must both be equidistant from the middle strike (body), and all the options must have the same expiration date.

You may also execute the Long Butterfly strategy using all puts options. When all puts options are used, it is referred to as the Long Put Butterfly strategy. As to whether a butterfly strategy should be executed using all calls or all put options depend on the relative price of the option. The premium of both puts and calls option should be taken into consideration to achieve the optimum trade

Market Outlook

 Neutral around Strike

Summary

This strategy generally profits if the underlying stock is at the body of the butterfly at expiration.

Breakeven:

· Upside Breakeven = Higher Strike less Net Premium Paid

· Downside Breakeven = Lower Strike add Net Premium Paid.

Advantages and Disadvantages

 

Advantages:

·         Ability to make profit from a range bound stock with relatively lower cost outlay.

·         Limited risk exposure compare to Short Straddle strategy when the underlying stock moved beyond the breakeven point on expiration date.

Disadvantages:

·         The profit potential only come from the narrow range between the 2 wing strikes.

·         Bid/Ask spread from the various option legs may adversely affect the profit potential of the strategy

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TATAMOTORS 350 PUT BOOK PROFIT NEAR 6
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Total risk=4800
Total returns=8000(4800 COST+3200 RETURNS)

TATAMOTORS STRANGLE STRATEGY :410 CALL BOOKED

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CONTINUE TO HOLD 350 PUT
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OPTION STRATEGY UPDATE :BOOK PROFIT IN CALL

 OPTION STRATEGY GIVEN YESTERDAY  (06-08-15)
TATAMOTORS   410 CALL BOOK PROFIT NEAR 9.8-10

TATAMOTORS STRANGLE STRATEGY FOR AUGUST 2015

BUY 1 LOT TATAMOTORS 350 PUT @ 4.7

BUY 1 LOT TATAMOTORS  410 CALL @ 4.9

COST=9.6

TOTAL RISK  = 4800

RETURN = UNLIMITED

UPPER BREAK GIVEN POINT=414.9

LOWER BREAK GIVEN POINT=346.3

Pay off table:

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Advantages of Options

Options can provide these advantages to your portfolio
Cost Efficiency Options have great leveraging power. As such, an investor can obtain an option position that will minimize a stock position almost identically, but at a huge cost savings.
Higher Potential Returns you don't need a calculator to figure out that if you spend much less money and make almost the same profit, you'll have a higher percentage return. When they pay off, that's what options typically offer to investors.
Flexibility Options can be used in a wide variety of strategies, from conservative to high-risk, and can be tailored to more expectations than simply "the stock will go up" or "the stock will go down."
Hedging Options allow investors to protect their positions against price fluctuations when it is not desirable to alter the underlying position.
Volatility The use of options also allows the investor to trade the market's "third dimension" Options allow the investor to trade not only stock movements, but also the passage of time and movements in volatility. Most stocks don't have large moves most of the time. Only a few stocks actually move significantly, and then they do it rarely.

 

 

BULLISH TRADING STRATEGIES

Bullish Trading Strategies

Bullish strategies in options trading are employed when the options trader expects the underlying stock price to move upwards. It is necessary to assess how high the stock price can go and the timeframe in which the rally will occur in order to select the optimum trading strategy. 

Very Bullish

The most bullish of options trading strategies is the simple call buying strategy used by most novice options traders.

Moderately Bullish

In most cases, stocks seldom go up by leaps and bounds. Moderately bullish options trader usually set a target price for the Bull Run and utilizes bull spreads to reduce risk. While maximum profit is capped for these strategies, they usually cost less to employ.

Mildly Bullish

Mildly bullish trading strategies are options strategies that make money as long as the   underlying stock price does not go down on options expiration date. These strategies usually provide a small downside protection as well. Writing out-of-the-money covered calls is one example of such a strategy.

 

 

 

OPTION STEATGEY : BULL CALL SPREAD

Bull Call Spread

• In a bull call spread strategy; an investor will simultaneously buy call options at a specific strike price and sell the same number of calls at a higher strike price. Both call options will have the same expiration month and underlying asset. This type of strategy is often used when an investor is bullish and expects a moderate rise in the price of the underlying asset.
  

  

  
  

• Bull call spreads can be implemented by buying an at-the-money call option while simultaneously writing a higher striking out-of-the-money call option of the same underlying security and the same expiration month.
  

OPTION CALLS TYPE

Short-Term Call Options

When an option trader buys a call option, trader has the right to buy the underlying at strike price before expiration. Keep in mind that just because the option trader has the right to buy the stock, doesn’t mean that trader has to necessarily do so. The call option just like a put option can be sold anytime up until expiration for a profit or loss

Bull Call Spreads

When implementing a bull call spread, an option trader purchases a call option at one strike and sells the same number of calls on the same stock at a higher strike with the same expiration date.

By implementing a bull call spread, traders can hedge their bets limiting the potential loss. This is the advantage when comparing to purchasing a call outright. Remember that there are no sure-fire ways to make money by using options. However, knowing and understanding the strategy is a good way to limit losses.

Long-Term Call Options

The long call option strategy is the most basic option trading strategy whereby the options trader buys call options with the belief that the price of the underlying security will rise significantly beyond the strike price before the option expiration date.

HOW TO TRADE IN OPTION CALL & PUT

Definition of option

The right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell specific amount of a given stock,  index, at a specified price  during a specified period of time.

The price of the option depends on the price of the underlying, plus a risk premium.

Medium of exchange for options contracts allowing the holder the right to sell or buy an underlying commodity on an open market. The option contracts define the trading limitations of the market, including the option type and the expiration date.

Options are derivatives, which mean their value is derived from the value of an underlying investment. Most frequently the underlying investment on which an option is based is the equity shares in a publicly listed company. Options are traded on securities marketplaces among institutional investors, individual investors, and professional traders and trades can be for one contract or for many. Fractional contracts are not traded.

PAIN VANILLA SAIL OPTION STRATEGY

OPTION STRATEGY:  BUY SAIL 60 CALL @ 1.8

TOTAL INVESTMENT=7200

Butterfly Spread

All the strategies up to this point have required a combination of two different positions or contracts. In a butterfly spread options strategy, an investor will combine both a bull spread strategy and a bear spread strategy, and use three different strike prices. For example, one type of butterfly spread involves purchasing one call (put) option at the lowest (highest) strike price, while selling two call (put) options at a higher (lower) strike price, and then one last call (put) option at an even higher (lower) strike price.

COVERED LONG HEDGE WITH OPTION STRATEGY

Today we offer you Sbin Long Future strategy covered with long Put.In light of expected RBI policy we believe this strategy will give you high upside potential with limited down side risk.
You buy stock because you’re bullish and expect the stock's price to go up. Since you’re bullish, chances are you aren’t too preoccupied with the downside. But as we all know, markets can shift quickly. Puts are a handy tool to help lock in profits on your existing positions in the event of a sudden reversal. This is the strategy which is ideal in this case.  
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"Buy SBIN Future Jun @ 280"

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"Buy SBIN Jun 280 Put @ 10"

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The calendar spread refers to a family of spreads involving options of the same underlying stock, same strike prices, but different expiration months. They can be created with either all calls or all puts.  Also known as time spread or horizontal spread.

Call Calendar Spread

Using calls, the calendar spread strategy can be setup by buying long term calls and simultaneously writing an equal number of near-month at-the-money or slightly out-of-the-money calls of the same underlying security with the same strike price.

The idea behind the calendar spread is to sell time, which is why calendar spreads are also known as time spreads. The options trader hopes that price of the underlying remains unchanged at expiration of the near month options so that they expire worthless. As the time decay of near month options is at a faster rate than longer term options, his long term options still retain much of their value. The options trader can then either own the longer term calls for less or write some more calls and repeat the process.

BANKNIFTY OPTION STRANGLE STRATEGY

BUY BANKNIFTY 17000 PUT @ 118

BUY  BANKNIFTY 18500 CALL @ 145

COST=263

TOTAL RISK  = 6575

RETURN = UNLIMITED

UPPER BREAK GIVEN POINT=18763

LOWER BREAK GIVEN POINT=16737

Pay off table: